When following a sports concussion protocol, the main goal is to allow the brain to recover safely while preventing a second injury. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that can temporarily affect thinking, balance, mood, and physical abilities. Return to play should be gradual and guided by healthcare professionals.
1. Immediate Steps After a Suspected Concussion
✔ Remove the Athlete From Play
- Stop participation immediately.
- Do not allow the athlete to “play through” symptoms.
✔ Initial Assessment
Healthcare providers evaluate:
- Symptoms
- Memory and concentration
- Balance and coordination
- Neurological function
Common symptoms include:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Nausea
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Fatigue
2. Early Recovery Phase
✔ Relative Rest
The athlete may need:
- Reduced physical activity
- Limited activities that worsen symptoms
- Adequate sleep and hydration
Complete inactivity for long periods is generally avoided unless medically advised, as gradual movement can support recovery.
3. Step-by-Step Return-to-Play Progression
Athletes typically advance through stages only if symptoms do not return.
Stage 1: Return to Daily Activities
- Normal school or work activities
- Light cognitive tasks
Stage 2: Light Aerobic Exercise
Examples:
- Walking
- Stationary cycling
Goal:
- Increase heart rate without triggering symptoms
Stage 3: Sport-Specific Exercise
Examples:
- Running drills
- Skating drills
- Movement patterns without contact
Stage 4: Non-Contact Training
Includes:
- More intense practice
- Strength and conditioning exercises
- Coordination drills
Stage 5: Full Contact Practice
Only after:
- Symptoms have resolved
- Medical clearance is given
Stage 6: Return to Competition
The athlete resumes normal play when:
- They complete all stages successfully
- No symptoms return
- Healthcare providers approve participation
4. Why Gradual Progression Matters
A stepwise approach helps:
- Confirm that the brain has recovered
- Prevent symptom flare-ups
- Reduce the risk of repeat injury
- Avoid returning to high-risk activities too soon
A second concussion before full recovery can lead to serious complications.
5. Warning Signs Requiring Urgent Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention for:
- Worsening headache
- Repeated vomiting
- Increasing confusion
- Extreme drowsiness or inability to wake
- Seizures
- Weakness, numbness, or loss of coordination
- Unusual behavior changes
6. Preventing Future Concussions
Helpful strategies include:
- Following proper safety rules
- Using appropriate protective equipment
- Learning safe playing techniques
- Reporting symptoms honestly
- Avoiding early return to contact sports
Key Takeaway
A sports concussion protocol involves immediate removal from play, medical assessment, controlled recovery, and a gradual return-to-play process. Athletes should progress through each stage only when symptoms remain stable or resolved. Proper monitoring and medical clearance help reduce the risk of repeat concussion, prolonged symptoms, and further brain injury.