Elevated creatinine levels usually indicate that the kidneys are not filtering waste properly, since creatinine is a waste product normally cleared by the kidneys. Common causes include dehydration, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, high protein intake, intense exercise, and certain medications (like NSAIDs or some antibiotics). In more serious cases, it can reflect progressive kidney damage or reduced kidney function over time. High creatinine should be evaluated further if it is consistently above normal, rising quickly, or accompanied by symptoms like swelling, reduced urine output, fatigue, or high blood pressure, as this may require kidney function tests and medical treatment to prevent further damage.