Cushing’s syndrome causes a “buffalo hump” due to chronically high cortisol levels, which alter how the body stores fat—leading to accumulation in specific areas like the upper back, face (“moon face”), and abdomen while limbs may remain thinner. This abnormal fat distribution is a hallmark of cortisol imbalance. You should consult a doctor if you notice this change along with symptoms like unexplained weight gain, round face, thinning skin, easy bruising, or muscle weakness, as early evaluation is important to identify the cause and prevent complications.